• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    14 SUMMARY A construction machine comprises a front frame portion (12), which is provided with a wheel axle (22), and a rear frame portion (18), which is provided with a tandem axle arrangement (30) having a front rear axle (26). ) and a rear rear axle (28), said front and rear frame portions (12, 18) being pivotally connected to each other via a guide waist (44), which is arranged to pivot the vehicle by forming a waist guide angle (d) between the front the frame portion (12) and the rear frame portion (18). The construction machine (10) is controlled by a method which comprises producing a shaft control signal based on the waist control angle (d) and / or a control signal from a machine operator; transmitting said control signal to a means (50a-b) for rotating the rear rear axle (28) of the shaft shaft arrangement (30); and based on said control signal, rotation, about a substantially vertical geometric axis, of only said rear rear axle (28) of said data shaft shaft arrangement (30) relative to the rear frame portion (18), so that a shaft steering angle (ß) is provided. Proposed figure for publication: Fig. 2.
    公开号:SE1051259A1
    申请号:SE1051259
    申请日:2010-11-30
    公开日:2012-05-31
    发明作者:Wiking Bjoern
    申请人:Wiking Bjoern；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    15 20 25 30 2 increased tire wear. Another purpose is to reduce fuel consumption by disengaging the front wheel axle when driving on the road.
    There is a need to further reduce the environmental impact and operating costs of articulated contractors and to reduce the tires' tire wear.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to reduce the operating cost and / or environmental impact of a articulated construction machine. This object is achieved with a method of controlling a construction machine comprising a front frame portion, which is provided with a wheel axle, and a rear frame portion, which is provided with a tandem axle arrangement having a front rear axle and a rear rear axle, said front and rear frame portions are pivotally connected to each other via a guide waist, which is arranged to pivot the vehicle by forming a waist guide angle between the front frame portion and the rear frame portion, the method of controlling the construction machine comprising producing a shaft guide signal based on the waist guide angle and / or a guide angle. from a machine operator; transmitting said control signal to a means for rotating the rear rear axle of the tandem shaft arrangement; and, based on said control signal, rotating, about a substantially vertical geometric axis, of said rear rear axle of said tooth shaft axis arrangement relative to the rear frame portion, so as to provide a shaft guide angle while maintaining the front rear axle at a substantially constant angle relative to the rear the rampart. Such a way of controlling a construction machine results in a lower fuel consumption than previously known methods. In addition, the machine's tires are exposed to less wear, which significantly reduces maintenance costs. In this way, both environmental and economic benefits are achieved. As an additional bonus effect, the turning radius of the machine is reduced. By a substantially vertical geometric axis is meant an axis which forms an angle of less than 15 ° with a vertical vertical line.
    Preferably, the rear rear axle of the tandem axle arrangement is rotated to an axle guide angle which is proportional to the waist guide angle, and of opposite sign. More preferably, the rear rear axle of the tandem shaft arrangement is rotated to a shaft guide angle which in its amount is between 12 and 24 percent of the waist guide angle; such a steering angle is particularly suitable for dumpers, for example.
    According to one embodiment, said method comprises transmission of a wheel axle driving force from a motor located in front of the frame portion to only the wheel axle of the front frame portion and the front rear axle of the tandem axle arrangement. Thanks to the reduced friction, it is possible to achieve substantially the same driving ability with driving on, for example, four wheels, which previously required driving on six wheels to achieve. Thereby, a possible "drop box" function of the front rear axle of the tandem axle arrangement can be rationalized away, which leads to a cost and weight saving.
    According to a second aspect, said object is achieved with a frame-guided contracting machine comprising a front frame portion, which is provided with at least one wheel axle, and a rear frame portion, which is pivotally connected to the front frame portion via a waist guide device, the rear frame portion comprising a tandem axle arrangement having a front rear axle and a rear rear axle, the construction machine further comprising means for actively rotating, about a substantially vertical geometric axis, the rear rear axle of the tandem axle arrangement relative to said rear frame portion; and wherein the front rear axle of the tandem shaft arrangement is, with respect to a substantially vertical geometric shaft, rotatably mounted at said rear frame portion. Such a construction machine can be given a lower fuel consumption than previously known construction machines of a similar type. In addition, the tires are subject to less wear. In this way, both environmental and economic benefits are achieved. As an additional bonus effect, the turning radius of the machine can be reduced.
    According to one embodiment, the front rear axle of the tandem shaft arrangement is driven. Preferably, the rear rear axle of the tandem shaft arrangement is unpowered.
    Thereby a good passability can be achieved, at the same time as the driveline to the tandem axle arrangement can be given a simple design, which leads to a cost and weight saving.
    According to one embodiment, the rear rear axle of the tandem axle arrangement is provided with a bogie lift. As an illustrative example, it can be mentioned that a typical construction machine for load purposes is driven about 60% of the mileage without load. A bogie lift can provide significant friction reductions and fuel savings. The construction of a bogie lift can be significantly simplified if the rear rear axle is not driven.
    According to one embodiment, the construction machine comprises means for generating a control signal based on a waist control angle and / or a control signal from a machine operator, and means for transmitting the control signal to said means for actively rotating the rear rear axle of the tandem axle arrangement.
    According to one embodiment, the rear rear axle of the tandem shaft arrangement is connected to the rear frame portion via a hub; and a hydraulic piston, connected between a hydraulic piston bracket at the rear frame portion and a hydraulic piston bracket at the rear rear axle of the tandem shaft arrangement, is arranged to rotate the rear rear axle of the tandem shaft arrangement in said hub.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view obliquely from above and illustrates a articulated dumper with broken away parts; Fig. 2 is a schematic horizontal projection of a articulated construction machine frame; Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a shaft geometry in the articulation of a construction machine; and Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a bogie lifting device at a construction machine.
    DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 illustrates, seen in perspective and with parts broken away, a articulated dumper 10. The dumper 10 comprises a first, front frame portion 12, to which a motor 14 and a control cab 16 are mounted. The dumper 10 further comprises a second, rear frame portion 18, at which a tiltable platform 20 is mounted.
    The front frame portion 12 rests on a first, front wheel axle 22, which is connected to the engine via a power distribution device in the form of a distribution gearbox 24. The rear frame portion 18, which is arranged to support a load of typically at least ten tonnes, is for load distribution reasons provided with a front rear axle 26 and a rear rear axle 28, which are arranged in a tandem axle arrangement 30. The term tandem axle arrangement means a wheel axle pair for mutual distribution of axle pressure, the distance between the wheel axles within the pair being substantially shorter than the shortest distance between the pair of axles and a third wheel axle included in the vehicle, such as, for example, the front wheel axle 22 at the front frame portion 12.
    Fig. 2 shows the front and rear frame portions 12, 18 and the wheel axles 22, 26, 28 in more detail. The front wheel axle 22 is provided with a front wheel pair 32a-b comprising a right front wheel 32a and a left front wheel 32b.
    Each of the front wheels 32a-b is suspended in a respective wheel suspension 34a-b, which comprises shock-absorbing and suspension devices of, for example, hydraulic type.
    The front rear axle 26 is provided with a front rear wheel pair 36a-b comprising a front right rear wheel 36a and a front left rear wheel 36b.
    Each of the front rear wheels 36a-b is suspended in a respective wheel suspension 38a-b, which includes shock-absorbing and suspension devices of the hydraulic type. The rear rear axle 28 is provided with a rear rear wheel pair 40a-b comprising a rear right rear wheel 40a and a rear left rear wheel 40b. Each of the rear rear wheels 40a-b is suspended in a respective wheel suspension 42a-b, which includes shock-absorbing and suspension devices of the hydraulic type.
    The respective wheel axles 22, 26, 28 may, for example, be of the rigid type, i.e. respective wheel axles 22, 26, 28 may be a rigid wheel axle. Alternatively, if the wheels of a pair of wheels 32a-b, 36a-b, 40a-b are individually suspended, their respective wheel axles 22, 26, 28 can be defined by a substantially common geometric axis of rotation about which respective pairs of wheels 32a-b, 36a- b, 40a-b are arranged to rotate. In other words, the pair of wheels 32a-b, 36a-b, 40a-b belonging to the respective wheel axles 22, 26, 28 may be connected by a physical axle, or they may be suspended at the frame 12, 18 in such a way that the wheel axle functions. The two left rear wheels 36b, 40b and wheel suspensions 38b, 42b, respectively, are hydraulically connected to each other so that a bogie interaction between the two left rear wheels 36b, 40b is achieved. By bogie cooperation is meant that the movement of the two left rear wheels 38b, 42b is coupled in the vertical direction, so that a relative upward movement of the front left rear wheel 36b relative to the rear frame portion 18b results in a vertical downward movement of the rear left rear wheel 40b. Such a bogie interaction contributes to a good distribution of the ground contact between the left rear wheels 36b, 40b. In the same way, the right rear wheels 36a, 40a, via their wheel suspensions 38a, 42a, are arranged for mutual hydraulic bogie cooperation. As an alternative, the rear wheels 36a, 40a / 36b, 40b of each side can in other ways be arranged for bogie cooperation. Another common arrangement for such cooperation is that the rear wheels 36a, 40a / 36b, 40b of each side are connected to the rear frame portion 18 via a common bogie beam, which is pivotable about a geometric axis parallel to the rear axles 26, 28. However, bogie cooperation is not necessary for the invention to work.
    The front rear wheels 36a-b and the front rear axle 26 are, with respect to a vertical geometric axis, rotatably mounted at the rear frame portion 18. An A-shaped longitudinal support beam 56 ensures the longitudinal position of the front rear axle 26 during acceleration and deceleration. The front rear axle 26 is also axially connected to the rear frame portion, e.g. by means of crossbars (not shown) which limit the lateral movement of the front rear wheels 36a-b.
    The front rear axle 26 is connected to the engine 14 via said distribution gearbox 24. The distribution gearbox 24 is arranged to distribute the driving force from the motor 14 between the front wheel axle 22 and the tandem axle arrangement 30. Power from the distribution gearbox 24 is distributed to the front rear wheels 36a. b via a differential 46. The rear rear axle is not connected to the motor 14, but is free-rolling.
    The front frame portion 12 and the rear frame portion 18 are pivotally connected to each other in a guide waist 44. Counting in the guide waist 44 allows the rear frame portion 18 to be tilted laterally relative to the front frame portion 12 when needed. the construction machine 10, the construction machine 10 is folded in the guide waist 44 so that the front wheel axle 22 forms a waist guide angle o with a line L1 parallel to the front wheel axis 26 of the tandem shaft arrangement 30. An actuator in the form of a waist steering hydraulic piston 45 connects the front frame portion the rear frame portion 18, so that the waist guide angle oi can be adjusted by pressure and traction in the waist guide hydraulic piston 45, respectively.
    The rear rear axle 28 is mounted to the rear frame portion 18 via a hub 48, in which the rear rear axle 28 is arranged to pivot about a substantially vertical geometric axis. A triangular rod 51 connects the hub 48 to the rear frame portion 18, to which the triangular rod 51 is attached, at the height of the front rear axle. The triangular strut 51 resembles a forward arrow, and its lateral movement at the rear rear axle is limited by a transverse strut (not shown) connected to the frame portion 18. The triangular bracket 51 fixes the rear rear axle 28 at the frame portion 18 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, while the connection via the hub 48 allows the rear rear axle 28 to rotate relative to the frame portion 18 and about a substantially vertical axis of rotation.
    Two actuators in the form of a pair of rear axle guide hydraulic pistons 50a-b are arranged between the front part of the triangular rod 51 and a hydraulic piston bracket 53 attached to the rear rear axle 28. The front part of the triangular rod 51 thus forms a hydraulic piston mount at the frame portion 18.
    The rear axle steering hydraulic pistons 50a-b thus connect the rear rear axle 28 to the rear frame portion 18, and are arranged to rotate the rear rear axle 28 relative to the rear frame portion 18 by means of pressure or traction.
    The rear rear axle 28 is thereby arranged to form an axle guide angle ß with a line L2 which is parallel to the front rear axle 26.
    The articulated hydraulic piston 45 and the rear axle steering hydraulic pistons 50a-b are operated by a control unit 52, which is arranged to receive an input signal from a sensor in the form of, for example, a vehicle steering wheel 54 (Fig. 1). The control unit 52 is connected to the vehicle steering wheel 54 and the hydraulic pistons 45, 50a-b in a manner not shown; for example, said sensors and actuators 45, 50a-b, 52, 54 may be arranged to communicate via a cable bus, via hydraulics, or via a radio interface. Other ways of transmitting a shaft control signal are conceivable, for example realized by means of a mechanical arrangement in the form of a control rod or wire. Based on said input signal, which represents, for example, a steering angle of the vehicle steering wheel 54, the control unit 52 generates a control signal for controlling the actuators 45, 50a-b. At the actuators 45, 50a-b, based on the steering signal, a waist steering angle d and a shaft steering angle ß are set by operating the hydraulic pistons 45, 50a-b.
    Alternatively, the shaft guide angle ß can be set based on a measured value representing the waist guide angle d. Such a value can be obtained, for example, from a sensor mounted at the guide waist 44 (not shown) which is arranged to measure the waist guide angle d.
    Since the guide waist 44 and the guided rear rear axle 28 are located on different sides of the uncontrolled rear axle 26, the waist guide angle d and the shaft guide angle ß of the guide system 52 should be set to be of the opposite sign; i.e., if the front frame portion 12 is steered to the right (positive waist steering angle d), then the rear rear axle 28 should be steered to the left (negative shoulder steering angle ß), and vice versa. Furthermore, since the wheelbase between the front and rear rear axles 26, 28 is substantially shorter than the wheelbase between the front rear axle 26 and the wheel shaft 32 of the front frame portion 12, the steering system 52 should set an axle steering angle ß which is significant in amount less than the waist guide angle d. For the shaft geometry of a typical articulated dumper, the rear rear axle 26 of the tandem shaft arrangement 30 should be rotated to a shaft guide angle ß which is between 12 and 24 percent of the waist guide angle d.
    Preferably, the axle guide angle ß of the rear rear axle 28 is set so that, when pivoting the construction machine 10, the tandem axle arrangement 30 is rotated about a vertical geometric axis extending through a point P midway between the front rear wheels 36a-b. Fig. 3 illustrates this in another way, namely that the axial direction of all wheel axles 22, 26, 28 when pivoting the machine 10, preferably points towards substantially the same point.
    Prior art six-axle dumpers also have the rear rear axle 28 rotatably mounted to the rear frame portion 18. Such mounting of the rear rear axle 28 means that upon rotation of the dumper 10, the tandem shaft arrangement 30 instead rotates about a vertical geometric axis through point P '(Fig. 2) midway between the four rear wheels 36a-b, 40a-b. Such a rotation means that both the front and rear rear wheels 36a-b, 40a-b rotate axially along the ground when the dumper 10 is pivoted, which causes wear on the tires and fuel consumption-increasing friction. The trend mentioned in the introduction with larger dump trucks that can handle ever larger loads also means that the dump trucks get ever larger wheels. Such dumpers also get longer and longer between the rear wheel axles in the tandem axle arrangement 30. The longer the distance between the two rear axles 26, 28 of the tandem axle arrangement 30 in relation to the total wheelbase of the machine 10, the more the rear wheels 36a-b, 40a-b will rotate axially when cornering .
    By controlling the rear rear axle 28, the axial travel of the rear wheels 36a-b, 40a- b can be reduced or completely eliminated.
    It is desirable that the rear rear axle 28 of the tandem shaft arrangement 30 be axially fixedly connected to the rear frame portion 18 so that it is prevented from being moved laterally; otherwise there is a risk of an oblique load on the rear rear axle 28 occurring at e.g. tilting of the flake 20 (Fig. 1).
    According to an embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4, the rear rear axle 28 is provided with bogie lift, i.e. the rear rear axle 28 can be raised and lowered relative to the front rear axle 26. Bogie lift functionality can be achieved, for example, by the hydraulic wheel suspensions 42a-b of the rear rear axle 28 being arranged to be operated from an actuator in the steering cab 16, via the steering system 52 (Fig. 2). ). In addition to being arranged to provide shock absorption and suspension when the rear rear wheels have ground contact, the hydraulic wheel suspensions 42a-b of the rear rear axle 28 thus also function as bogie lifts.
    Thanks to the fact that the rear rear axle 28 is disengaged from the driveline 14, 24, the rear pair of rear wheels 40a-b can be easily lifted off the ground, without this having any consequences for the propulsion of the construction machine 10. When the rear rear wheel pair 40a-b is lifted, the axle control of the rear rear axle 28 can be deactivated by the steering system 52 maintaining a predetermined position on the hydraulic pistons 50a-b. It will be appreciated that many variants of the embodiments described above are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
    A construction machine with exactly three wheel axles has been described above.
    However, the invention can also be applied to articulated construction machines with a different number of wheel axles. The wheel axles can, as described and illustrated above, be rigid. Alternatively, each wheel axle can be formed by a pair of, more, individually suspended, concentric wheels.
    The invention is not limited to hydraulic steering of the shaft steering angle; a good rear axle control can also be achieved with, for example, electronic actuators, or with a push rod which is connected between the rear rear axle 28 and the front frame portion 12.
    As an alternative to a free-rolling rear axle, the rear axle can also be connected to the engine via the front axle differential and / or the gearbox 24.
    A construction machine in the form of a truck with a dump truck has been described above. The construction machine can of course also be equipped with other tools and functions, such as concrete mixers, excavators, or forest harvesting units. The term construction machine should thus be interpreted as including also e.g. forestry machines, such as harvesters and forwarders.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A method of controlling a construction machine (10) comprising a front frame portion (12), which is provided with a wheel axle (22), and a rear frame portion (18), which is provided with a tandem axle arrangement (30) having a front rear axle (26) and a rear rear axle (28), said front and rear frame portions (12, 18) being pivotally connected to each other via a guide waist (44), which is arranged to pivot the vehicle by forming a waist guide angle (oi) between the front frame portion (12) and the rear frame portion (18), the method of steering being characterized by producing a shaft guide signal based on the waist guide angle (a) and / or a guide signal from a machine operator; transmitting said control signal to a means (50) for rotating the rear rear axle (28) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30); and based on said control signal, rotation, about a substantially vertical geometric axis, of said rear rear axle (28) of said tandem shaft arrangement (30) relative to the rear frame portion (18), so that a shaft guide angle (ß) is provided , while said front rear axle (26) maintains a substantially constant angle relative to the rear frame portion (18).
    [2]
    A method according to claim 1, wherein the rear rear axle (28) of the tooth shaft arrangement (30) is rotated to an axis control angle (ß) which is proportional to the waist control angle (oi), and of opposite sign.
    [3]
    A method according to claim 2, wherein the rear rear axle (28) of the tooth shaft arrangement (30) is rotated to a shaft guide angle (ß) which in its amount is between 12 and 24 percent of the waist guide angle (oi).
    [4]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising transmitting a wheel axle driving force from a motor (14) located in front of the front frame portion (12) to the wheel axle (22) of the front frame portion (12) only and the front rear axle of the tandem axle arrangement 10 (30). (26).
    [5]
    Frame-controlled construction machine comprising a front frame portion (10), which is provided with at least one wheel axle (22), and a rear frame portion (18), which is pivotally connected to the front frame portion (12) via a waist guide device (44, 45). ), the rear frame portion (18) comprising a tandem shaft arrangement (30) with a front rear axle (26) and a rear rear axle (28), the construction machine (10) being characterized in that it comprises means (48, 50a-b) for active rotation, about a substantially vertical geometric axis, of the rear rear axle (28) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30) relative to said rear frame portion (18); and that the front rear axle (26) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30) is, with respect to a substantially vertical geometric shaft, rotatably mounted at said rear frame portion (18).
    [6]
    Construction machine according to claim 5, wherein the front rear axle (26) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30) is driven.
    [7]
    A construction machine according to any one of claims 5-6, wherein the rear rear axle (28) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30) is non-driven.
    [8]
    Construction machine according to claim 7, wherein the rear rear axle (28) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30) is provided with a bogie lift (42a-b).
    [9]
    A construction machine according to any one of claims 5-8, further comprising means (54, 52) for generating a control signal based on a waist control angle (oi) and / or a control signal from a machine operator, and means for transmitting the control signal to said means ( 48, 50a-b) for active rotation of the rear rear axle (28) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30).
    [10]
    A construction machine according to any one of claims 5-9, wherein the rear rear axle (28) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30) is connected to the rear frame portion (18) via a hub (48); and a hydraulic piston (50a-b), connected between a hydraulic piston bracket (51) at the rear frame portion (18) and a hydraulic piston bracket (53) at the rear rear axle (28) of the tandem shaft arrangement (30), are arranged to rotate the tooth shaft shaft arrangement (30) rear rear axle (28) in said hub (48).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE536215C2|2013-07-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2020-07-28| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1051259A|SE536215C2|2010-11-30|2010-11-30|Waist controlled construction machine and ways to control it|SE1051259A| SE536215C2|2010-11-30|2010-11-30|Waist controlled construction machine and ways to control it|
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